{"id":200544,"date":"2021-01-08T14:42:47","date_gmt":"2021-01-08T19:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csce.dev\/en\/?post_type=historic_site&p=200544"},"modified":"2022-07-07T10:38:00","modified_gmt":"2022-07-07T14:38:00","slug":"fortifications-of-quebec","status":"publish","type":"historic_site","link":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/historic-site\/fortifications-of-quebec\/","title":{"rendered":"Fortifications of Quebec"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
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Aerial view of Citadel, Qu\u00e9bec. (Source: Wikipedia)<\/em><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Site Location: Lat.: 46\u00b0 \u2013 48\u2019 \u2013 28\u201d N.; Long.: 71\u00b0 \u2013 12\u2019 \u2013 25\u201d W. (GPS: 46.8077997, -71.2068986). From the Trans-Canada Highway 20, take Exit 312N to merge onto Autororoute 73N toward Qu\u00e9bec\/Pont Pierre-Laporte. Proceed for 4.5 km and take Exit 134-E for QC-175N\/Boul Laurier toward Qu\u00e9bec\/Centre Ville. Proceed for 8.2 km and turn right (south east) on Cours du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Montcalm and, after 0.1 km, turn left (north east) onto Avenue Wilfred-Laurier. Proceed 0.35 km and turn left (north west) on Place George V E. After 0.1 km, turn right (north east) onto Grande All\u00e9e E\/QC-175 N. Proceed 0.3 km, as the street turns into Rue Saint Denis, and turn right (south) onto C\u00f4te de la Citadelle and proceed 0.2 km to the Citadelle. Bus #11 stops in front of the National Assembly: from there walk 220 m north-east on Grande All\u00e9e\/Rue Saint Denis and turn right (south) on C\u00f4te de la Citadelle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Plaque Location: The plaque is mounted on a wall that is currently being reconstructed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Porte St. Louis. (Source: Canadaconstructconnect.com)<\/em><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Description: The fortification walls of Qu\u00e9bec are 4.6 km (2.9 mi) long. The initial military works included Fort Saint-Louis, built by Samuel de Champlain on the edge of the cliffs in 1620. After the fall of Louisbourg in 1745, the fortifications of Qu\u00e9bec were improved, under the direction of engineer Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de L\u00e9ry. After the conquest of New France in 1860, the British maintained the fortifications and, between 1778 and 1783 constructed a citadel on Cap Diamant. Further improvements and additions were made between 1786 and 1812, including construction of a Martello Tower. The present Qu\u00e9bec Citadel was constructed between 1819 and 1832.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Chaussegros de L\u00e9ry\u2019s 1722 plan to fortify Qu\u00e9bec. It included a citadel on Cap Diamant, which France declined to build, that was built a century later by the British. (Source: Chaussegros de L\u00e9ry, Plan de la ville de Qu\u00e9bec, 1722, BAC).<\/em><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Historic Significance: France considered Qu\u00e9bec to be an important part of the defense strategy between 1700 and 1720, but the considerable sums granted to the city yielded only an incomplete defence system. Funding ceased in 1721 and was used instead to fortify Montr\u00e9al, given its eastern location and fur-trading wealth, and Louisbourg, given its abundant fishing banks. The treats of attacks by the French post 1760 and by the Americans post 1776 spurred British initiatives to improve the fortifications.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de L\u00e9ry (1682-1756) was trained in military engineering, probably by his father. In 1716, he was dispatched to Canada to devise plans of fortifications to protect Qu\u00e9bec from attack. He was subsequently appointed chief engineer and held this post until his death.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The historic fortifications are a major reason why Quebec City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Plaque detail. (Source: CSCE)<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Plaque Wording: SCGC. Site Historique National de G\u00e9nie Civil. FORTIFICATIONS DE QU\u00c9BEC. Le syst\u00e8me d\u00e9fensif de Qu\u00e9bec illustre un oeuvre d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie remarquable. \u00c9labor\u00e9 pendant la p\u00e9riode colonial, il traduit les apports successifs de plusieurs ing\u00e9nieurs. GASPARD \u2013 J. CHAUSSEGROSE DE L\u00c9RY. 1682-1756. Hommage \u00e0 cet ing\u00e9nieur qui occupe une place do choix dans l\u2019histoire canadienne, en raison de son oeuvre considerable en Nouvelle-france. Les remparts de Qu\u00e9bec en sont un t\u00e9moin important. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne de genie civil. 1992.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

CSCE. National Historic Civil Engineering Site. FORTIFICATIONS OF QU\u00c9BEC. Quebec City\u2019s defensive system is a remarkablefeat of engineering. Built during the Colonial period, it represents the work of a succession of engineers. GASPARD \u2013 J. CHAUSSEGROSE DE L\u00c9RY. 1682-1756. A tribute to this engineer, known in Canadian history for his accomplishments in New France. The Ramparts of Quebec City are a great example of his work. Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. 1992.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Links to Online Documentation:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Parks Canada, \u201cFortifications of Qu\u00e9bec National Historic Site\u201d.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Canada\u2019s Historic Places, \u201cFortifications of Qu\u00e9bec National Historic Site of Canada\u201d.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Biography of Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de L\u00e9ry.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

National Battlefields Commission, \u201cPlains of Abraham\u201d<\/a><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Site Location: Lat.: 46\u00b0 \u2013 48\u2019 \u2013 28\u201d N.; Long.: 71\u00b0 \u2013 12\u2019 \u2013 25\u201d W. (GPS: 46.8077997, -71.2068986). From the Trans-Canada Highway 20, take Exit 312N to merge […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22598,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","classification":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/historic_site\/200544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/historic_site"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/historic_site"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22598"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200544"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/historic_site\/200544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":211056,"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/historic_site\/200544\/revisions\/211056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"classification","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legacy.csce.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/classification?post=200544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}